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Future-Proof Your Building: An Inside Look at Low-GWP Refrigerant Replacements

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On October 29, 2025, SVL welcomed Sharon Haeg of Daikin Applied for a packed Coffee Break Webinar on how to navigate low-GWP refrigerant retrofits and replacements. In just under an hour, Sharon explained the why, what, and how behind the transition, then walked through real-world “speed bumps” engineers, owners, and contractors are hitting—and practical paths around them.

Why this transition—and why now?

Sharon began by framing the environmental math. Refrigerants impact climate both directly (leakage to atmosphere) and indirectly (energy required to run equipment). The right lens is Life-Cycle Climate Performance (LCCP), not GWP alone. Using that lens, today’s A2L alternatives R32 and R454B cut total impact thanks to both lower GWP and higher efficiency. She also highlighted the AIM Act phase-down (a Kigali implementation), reminding everyone of the EPA’s key equation: CO₂e = GWP × mass—how the agency manages production allowances.

What’s changing in equipment?

The EPA’s technology-transition rules split gear into products (factory-charged) and systems (site-assembled/charged). Sharon reviewed the big dates already affecting selections, installation, and sell-through, plus special notes for VRF/VRV and data centers. Bottom line: confirm the rule set that applies to your scope and timelines before you plan procurement.

R32 vs. R454B: performance, cost, and supply

Both refrigerants are part of the HVAC industry’s transition toward lower-GWP alternatives that reduce environmental impact without sacrificing performance. Sharon notes that both are “here for the long haul,” with broad manufacturer adoption and comparable CO₂e when total system charge is considered. However, several attributes make R-32 stand out—especially in systems designed for long-term efficiency, ease of service, and sustainability.

1. Pure, Non-Proprietary Composition

Unlike R-454B, which is a blend of R-32 (68.9%) and R-1234yf (31.1%), R-32 is a pure, single-component refrigerant.

  • No composition shift or glide: Its single-component nature ensures consistent performance and easier servicing since no fractionation occurs during leakage or charging.
  • Non-proprietary: R-32 is openly available across manufacturers and not tied to any proprietary formulation or licensing restriction—supporting global adoption and lower long-term cost.

2. Easier to Work With

Because R-32 is pure, it can be charged in both liquid and gas phases, offering technicians greater flexibility. By contrast, blended refrigerants like R-454B must be charged in liquid form to maintain blend integrity.

This makes R-32:

  • Easier to handle in the field
  • Simpler to top off or reuse
  • More predictable during recycling or recovery

3. Efficiency and Cost Advantages

Modeling and third-party studies—along with Daikin’s own field data—show that R-32 systems can be up to 12% more efficient than R-410A. Additional benefits include:

  • Lower refrigerant cost per pound
  • Smaller charge requirements, reducing total system refrigerant mass
  • Reduced total CO₂e emissions thanks to high energy efficiency

4. Proven Global Adoption

R-32 has been used internationally since 2016, with more than 160 million units installed worldwide. Its proven track record ensures confidence in supply stability, technician training, and long-term support.

5. Environmental and Safety Profile

  • Global Warming Potential (GWP): 675 — roughly one-third that of R-410A
  • Safety Classification: A2L (lower flammability), same as R-454B
  • Lower lifecycle climate impact (LCCP) due to higher system efficiency

Key Takeaway

While both R-32 and R-454B will play a role in decarbonizing HVAC, R-32 offers a simpler, proven, and globally accepted path forward. It’s pure composition, non-proprietary availability, and proven real-world efficiency make it a smart choice for engineers, contractors, and building owners focused on performance and sustainability.

For more insights and verified data points, visit R32Reasons.com — a Daikin resource with “32 reasons” why R-32 is helping shape the future of HVAC refrigerants.

Can I service or must I replace?

Not every project triggers a full refrigerant change. Sharon clarified EPA definitions separating “service/maintenance” from “new system” work. If you increase capacity or replace both evaporator and condensing unit, you’ve likely crossed into new-system territory and GWP < 700 applies. If not, many components labeled “for service only” can keep legacy systems running safely to end-of-life.

The safety standards that govern A2Ls

Sharon emphasized that retrofits to A2Ls are prohibited when the equipment wasn’t designed and listed for them. The governing product-safety standard (UL 60335-2-40) requires A2L-specific construction, leak testing, ignition-source controls, and marked application limits. Translation: use equipment that’s designed for A2Ls—don’t field-convert legacy A1 machines.

ASHRAE 15: where projects get stuck—and what to do

Two frequent “speed bumps”:

  1. EDVC (Effective Dispersal Volume Charge). If releasable charge > EDVC, consider measures like connecting spaces (transfer grilles/door undercuts), leveraging ducted distribution to enlarge volume, mechanical exhaust for a leak event, safety shutoff valves (≤5-ton indoor units), or rezoning/smaller units to reduce charge. When those aren’t workable, hydronic conversions can remove A2Ls from the occupied zone.
  2. Mitigation actions on leak detection. ASHRAE 15 may require opening zone dampers, activating exhaust, and de-energizing potential ignition sources—controls work that can be significant in existing buildings. If these measures are impractical, the viable path is again to keep A1s (when allowed under “service”) or move to hydronics.

She also covered refrigerant piping: A2L piping that penetrates two or more floor/ceiling assemblies typically requires a fire-rated, ventilated shaft. Alternatives may be possible via ASHRAE 15’s compliance options, but you must confirm with your AHJ and the governing mechanical code version.

Low-probability systems & machinery rooms

For chillers and other low-probability systems, watch machinery-room ventilation triggered by A2L concentrations (trouble vs. emergency thresholds). If ventilation and make-up air are tough to deliver, options include smaller modules, lower-pressure refrigerants, A1 chillers, air-cooled equipment outdoors, modular chiller plants, or, in some cases, Class I, Div 2 electrical design to reduce ventilation rates.

Practical O&M considerations

Plan for refrigerant availability, serviceability (single-component vs. blends), refrigerant cost exposure (initial charge and service), and efficiency impacts on utility spend. These factors often tip the scales between two otherwise code-compliant options.

Rapid-fire Q&A

  • “Will R32 outlast 454B?” Sharon doesn’t expect either to disappear; adoption and CO₂e parity suggest both will remain.
  • “Is a roof a floor/ceiling assembly?” Definitions live in the standard, and local AHJ has the final say—coordinate early.
  • “Do we have to de-energize equipment that could spark?” ASHRAE 15 requires mitigation; A2L-listed equipment addresses ignition internally, but broader building controls may still be needed—work with your AHJ and SVL.

Don’t Miss the Next SVL Coffee Break

Be sure to catch the next SVL Coffee Break—our exclusive 50-minute webinar series featuring the HVAC industry’s most innovative voices. Whether your focus is on decarbonization, operating cost reduction, or long-term energy planning, SVL is your trusted partner in delivering sustainable HVAC solutions.

To stay informed about upcoming sessions, sign up for our marketing emails, opt-in now.

And of course, don’t hesitate to connect with your SVL Sales Engineer today to discuss your next project.

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                      Jim Lubratt

                      President & Chief Executive Officer

                      Jim Lubratt has been president of SVL since 2006. He first joined the company as a sales engineer in 1992 and was made a partner in 2000. He holds a Bachelor of Science in mechanical engineering from Southern Methodist University and first entered the HVAC industry as a marketing engineer for a heat pump manufacturer in Texas.

                      In addition to his role at SVL, Jim is vice president of AQC Industries, LLC, a manufacturer of specialized underground ductwork systems. He is also an investor and board member for Hydromx, Inc., a manufacturer of heat transfer nanofluids, and Crotega, Inc., creators of personal and building security solutions.

                      Jim and his wife, Tracy, met in college and married in 1993. They have three children, two of whom have graduated college in Texas, while their youngest is attending Grand Canyon University in Arizona.

                      Outside of work, Jim places a priority on his faith, family, friends, and fitness. He enjoys helping people-supporting charities, time with his wife and kids, road-biking with friends and efforts to stay physically fit.

                      A message from Jim on the achievements of SVL

                      SVL started in February 1967 by Charlie Schwab and Craig Vollhaber. Schwab-Vollhaber, Inc. (as it was named at the time) steadily grew and, in 1985, welcomed Paul Lubratt as another partner, becoming Schwab-Vollhaber-Lubratt, Inc. SVL’s founders had the determination to build the most talented, customer-focused HVAC representative in the Midwest. Our original drive and passion still shape the company and culture to this day. The achievements of an organization are the results of the combined efforts of every individual. From humble beginnings, SVL founders paved the way to industry success with hard work and determination. “Today, SVL is strongly organized with great people to lead our industry forward as we are challenged with fast-paced changes to reduce our environmental impact,” says Jim. Now, 55+ years later, SVL is under the leadership of two new principals who share the same vision and drive that has propelled SVL throughout the years. Built on a foundation of integrity, Jim Lubratt, and Charlie Vollhaber strive to ensure opportunities for personal growth, improved work environment, and shared life enrichment. The achievements of our organization are the results of the combined efforts of every individual.

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                      Charlie Vollhaber

                      Executive Vice President & Officer

                      Charlie Vollhaber is a third-generation employee at SVL, as a grandson of company co-founder Craig Vollhaber and son of former CEO Todd Vollhaber. Charlie holds a Bachelor of Science in mechanical engineering and an MBA, both from the University of Minnesota. He became an outside salesman for SVL in 2013, was made a partner in 2019, and then executive vice president and officer in 2022.

                      He grew up playing sports, including football, basketball, golf, and track, and enjoys the competitive nature of the HVAC industry. “I like that no two days are ever the same as there are always questions to answer and problems to solve,” he says. “Most of all, I enjoy working with great people and coordinating together on challenging projects to achieve positive results together.”

                      Outside of work, Charlie enjoys spending time with his wife, Lesley, and their three boys. He’s also fond of golfing, traveling, and attending concerts and sporting events. One of his favorite quotes is from the book of Philippians: “Do nothing from selfish ambition or conceit, but in humility count other more significant than yourselves. Let each of you look not only to his own interests, but also to the interests of others.” Because HVAC and construction is such a team effort, he says, “this mindset helps to create positive results in a vast majority of situations.”

                      A message from Charlie on the culture of SVL

                      “At SVL, we strive to cultivate a unique culture that revolves around finding and empowering exceptional individuals. We believe in equipping our team members with the right tools and resources to succeed.

                      As we’ve grown the business, we have deliberately maintained a small firm culture, fostering an environment where collaboration thrives. We encourage open dialogue and promote a sense of comfort among our employees, allowing anyone to ask questions and seek guidance from anyone else, regardless of their level within the organization.

                      We foster a workshop-like atmosphere where everyone’s contribution is valued. Presenting your work to another individual or a group of teammates provides a platform for collaboration, where ideas are shared, dissected, and improved collectively. We firmly believe in the power of mentoring and provide various avenues for both formal and informal guidance. Whether it’s through structured training programs or casual conversations, we encourage team members to discuss a wide range of topics, from work-related successes or issues to everyday personal life topics.

                      In summary, our culture is built on the foundation of attracting exceptional individuals, empowering them with the necessary tools, and fostering a collaborative environment where mentorship and growth thrive. We are committed to creating an atmosphere where every team member feels supported, valued, and encouraged to reach their fullest potential.”

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                      Al Gramse

                      Vice President of SVL Service Corporation

                      Al Gramse has been in the HVAC industry for over 30 years. He began as a service technician.  Then over his career worked in technical support, building automation, then service manager prior to his current role.

                      How did Al end up in the HVAC industry?  “After high school, I took a couple years to figure out what I wanted to do.   Where I was working at the time, a grumpy old coworker, who I didn’t get along with, walked up to me and said ‘What are you doing here?  Go back to school.’”  I said, “For what?”  He said “There’s a tech school down the street.  Go down there and pick something that interests you”. Then he walked away.  That weird interaction, with someone I didn’t get along with, sent me down a 30-year path in the HVAC industry.   Never underestimate the potential of a little encouragement.   Even if it is from a strange source.

                      Al has been with SVL for 15 years and is the head of our SVL Service division. “The people here are some of the best in the industry,” Al says. “A bunch of team-oriented, knowledgeable, go-getters.” His personal mantra is “figure it out,” “Do a little fact-finding on your own. Use your own brain before you use someone else’s. But know when to ask for help.” he prescribes. “It’s amazing what you can accomplish on your own if you dig in a little bit.”

                      Outside of work, Al has lots of outdoor hobbies, including hunting, fishing, and motorcycling, though his favorite pastime is simply hanging out with family.

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                      Jennifer Roach

                      Director of Marketing, Events & Administration

                      More than just a creative director, Jen brings 30 years of marketing and leadership magic to SVL. Her journey began in the trenches of graphic design, quickly evolving into crafting eye-catching campaigns for iconic brands like Target, Gabberts, Gander Mountain and Camping World. As a seasoned director and agency veteran, she honed her skills with recreational vehicle giant Parts Unlimited before leading creative teams at HOM Furniture and, ultimately, landing at SVL during a crucial growth phase.

                      Jen thrives on "servant-leadership," empowering her team and fostering a culture of trust and mutual respect. "It unlocks their potential, fuels creativity, and leads to work we're all proud of," she says. "I want my team to care, collaborate, and push boundaries together."

                      When not shaping impactful campaigns, Jen enjoys weekend adventures with her husband, Scott, and son, Crew. Their lives are a tapestry of shared passions, from bike rides and baking experiments to cheering on Simley High School wrestlers. And with her recently built forever home in Cottage Grove, her free time now includes a new, thrilling chapter: weekend renovation warrior!

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                      Mike Ruff

                      Vice President of Information Technology

                      Mike Ruff, the Vice President of Information Technology at SVL Inc., is a seasoned professional with an impressive 24-year tenure in the IT industry. His journey in the field is marked by extensive experience and expertise in various domains, including serving as a Cloud Architect focusing on Azure Software as a Service (SaaS), Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), and both B2B and B2C solutions. Mike’s skills extend to being a Security Architect, where he has honed his knowledge in safeguarding digital assets, and he is also proficient in the Microsoft 365 stack, virtualization, routing, switching, and wireless technologies.

                      Beyond his professional roles, Mike is deeply passionate about technology in all its forms, which is evident in his career and personal hobbies. His love for technology is not just limited to his work but also spills over into his leisure activities. In the summertime, Mike enjoys the thrill of riding his motorcycle, embracing the freedom and adventure it brings. When winter arrives, he switches gears to snowboarding, seeking the excitement and challenge of the snowy slopes. These hobbies reflect Mike’s dynamic personality and continuous pursuit of technically engaging and physically exhilarating activities.

                      Mike Ruff's blend of professional expertise and personal passions make him a unique and valuable asset to SVL Inc., embodying a perfect synergy of technical acumen and a zest for life's adventurous aspects.

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